PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA DAN MARGINALISASI NELAYAN BALI PADA MASA ORDE BARU DAN REFORMASI, 1970-2004
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33652/handep.v9i1.858Keywords:
marginalization, Balinese fishermen, tourism, New Order, Reform eraAbstract
Artikel ini membahas marginalisasi nelayan Bali akibat pembangunan pariwisata pada masa Orde Baru hingga awal Reformasi (1970–2004). Meskipun pariwisata sering dipandang sebagai sektor yang membawa manfaat ekonomi, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa nelayan justru terdorong ke pinggiran seiring meluasnya industri pariwisata yang didominasi oleh investor besar. Proses marginalisasi terjadi dalam berbagai bentuk, mulai dari penggusuran komunitas, pembatasan akses terhadap sumber daya pesisir, hingga degradasi ekosistem laut akibat proyek pembangunan. Terbatasnya modal dan keterampilan juga menghambat nelayan untuk beralih ke sektor-sektor ekonomi baru yang muncul dari industri pariwisata. Dengan menggunakan metode sejarah dan konsep marginalisasi, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pembangunan pariwisata lebih mengutamakan akumulasi kapital dibandingkan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Bahkan setelah tahun 1998, otonomi daerah tidak serta-merta menghentikan marginalisasi, karena elite lama tetap mendominasi arah kebijakan pembangunan. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pembangunan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan dan inklusif, dengan melibatkan masyarakat lokal serta memberikan perlindungan bagi kelompok rentan seperti nelayan agar dapat memperoleh manfaat yang adil dari pertumbuhan ekonomi.This article examines the marginalization of Balinese fishermen resulting from tourism development during the New Order and Reform eras (1970-2004). Although tourism is often regarded as economically beneficial, this study reveals that its expansion, largely controlled by major investors, displaced local fishermen. Marginalization manifested in community displacement, restricted access to coastal resources, and marine ecosystem degradation. Limited capital and relevant skills further restricted fishermen’s access to emerging tourism-related sectors. This research employs the historical method and applies the concept of marginalization as its analytical framework. The sources consist of both primary and secondary materials, with particular emphasis on newspapers such as Bali Post and Kompas. The findings reveal that tourism development policies prioritized capital accumulation over the welfare of local communities. Even after 1998, regional autonomy did not eliminate fishermen’s marginalization, as established elites retained control over policies. This study underscores the importance of sustainable and inclusive tourism that includes local communities and safeguards vulnerable groups like fishermen to ensure equitable economic benefits.
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